Judaism

Traditional; founding patriarch of the Abrahamic covenant. Date is legendary and approximate.

Traditional; the deliverance from Egypt and giving of the Torah at Sinai. Date is approximate.

Traditional dates for the reigns of David and Solomon over a united Israel.

Solomon's Temple, the center of ancient Israelite worship.

Babylon destroys the First Temple and deports the Judeans until the return under Persia.

From the rebuilt Temple to its destruction; era of early rabbinic and sectarian Judaism.

Rome destroys the Temple during the Jewish revolt, reshaping Judaism around study and prayer.

Failed revolt against Rome; large-scale dispersion of Jews from Judea follows.

Judah ha-Nasi redacts the Mishnah, the core of rabbinic oral law.

Completion of the Talmud, the foundational text of rabbinic Judaism.

Catholic Spain expels its Jews, scattering the Sephardic community across the Mediterranean.

Movement engaging Jewish life with European Enlightenment thought and modernity.

Theodor Herzl convenes the congress, launching the modern movement for a Jewish homeland.

Nazi genocide of some six million Jews across occupied Europe.

Founding of the modern State of Israel, the first Jewish state in nearly two millennia.