History timeline

Venezuela

23 periods and events, 1000 BCE – 2013.

Periods and events

When	Period or event	Kind	Source
1000 BCE – 1497	Indigenous peoples (Caribs, Arawaks, Timoto-Cuica)原住民族（加勒比人、阿拉瓦克人、蒂莫托-库伊卡人） Farming and fishing societies along the coast and Andes; no large states before contact.	Other	Source
1498	Columbus reaches the Venezuelan coast哥伦布抵达委内瑞拉海岸 Third voyage lands at the Gulf of Paria, the first European landfall on the South American mainland.	Colonial	Source
1515 – 1777	Spanish colonization and Caracas founded西班牙殖民与加拉加斯建城 From Cumaná (1515) to the Province of Venezuela; Caracas founded 1567, becomes capital in 1577.	Colonial	Source
1728 – 1785	Cacao economy and the Guipuzcoana Company可可经济与吉普斯夸公司 Basque monopoly company controls the cacao trade; enriches the Caracas elite and provokes revolts.	Economy	Source
1777 – 1811	Captaincy General of Venezuela委内瑞拉都督辖区 Provinces united under Caracas; defines the borders of the future nation.	Colonial	Source
1783 – 1830	Simón Bolívar西蒙·玻利瓦尔 Caracas-born Liberator of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.	Politics	Source
1810 – 1823	War of independence独立战争 From the 19 April 1810 junta to the Battle of Carabobo (1821) and Lake Maracaibo (1823).	War	Source
1811	Declaration of Independence独立宣言 Congress in Caracas declares the First Republic, the first in Spanish America.	Politics	Source
1819 – 1830	Part of Gran Colombia大哥伦比亚时期 Congress of Angostura unites Venezuela with New Granada; Páez leads the separation in 1830.	Politics	Source
1830 – 1848	Conservative oligarchy under Páez派斯领导下的保守寡头统治 Independent Venezuela's first decades, dominated by caudillo José Antonio Páez.	Politics	Source
1859 – 1863	Federal War联邦战争 Bloodiest civil war in Venezuelan history; Liberals win and establish federalism.	War	Source
1870 – 1888	Guzmán Blanco era古斯曼·布兰科时代 Liberal autocrat modernizes Caracas, secularizes education and curbs the Church.	Politics	Source
1884 – 1969	Rómulo Gallegos罗慕洛·加列戈斯 Novelist of Doña Bárbara; first democratically elected president, deposed after nine months in 1948.	Literature	Source
1902 – 1903	Naval blockade by Britain, Germany and Italy英德意海军封锁 European powers blockade ports over unpaid debts; prompts the US Roosevelt Corollary.	Politics	Source
1908 – 1935	Juan Vicente Gómez dictatorship胡安·比森特·戈麦斯独裁 Twenty-seven years of personal rule; pays off the foreign debt with oil revenue.	Politics	Source
1922	Oil era begins (Los Barrosos No. 2 blowout)石油时代开启（巴罗索2号井喷） Gusher near Lake Maracaibo reveals vast reserves; Venezuela is the world's largest oil exporter by 1929.	Economy	Source
1948 – 1958	Military junta and Pérez Jiménez dictatorship军政府与佩雷斯·希门尼斯独裁 Coup against Gallegos; oil-funded public works and repression until the 23 January 1958 uprising.	Politics	Source
1958 – 1998	Puntofijo democracy蓬托菲霍协定民主时期 AD and COPEI alternate in power for four decades; one of Latin America's most stable democracies, until oil-price collapse and corruption erode it.	Politics	Source
1960	Venezuela co-founds OPEC委内瑞拉参与创立欧佩克 Pérez Alfonzo's initiative with Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq and Kuwait in Baghdad.	Economy	Source
1976	Oil nationalized; PDVSA created石油国有化，成立委内瑞拉国家石油公司 Carlos Andrés Pérez takes over foreign concessions amid the 1970s price boom.	Economy	Source
1989	Caracazo加拉加斯骚乱 Riots against austerity, crushed with hundreds dead; marks the decline of the Puntofijo system.	Politics	Source
1999 – 2013	Hugo Chávez and the Bolivarian Revolution查韦斯与玻利瓦尔革命 New 1999 constitution, oil-funded social programs, 2002 coup attempt, growing authoritarianism.	Politics	Source
2013	Maduro presidency and economic collapse马杜罗执政与经济崩溃 Hyperinflation, shortages and over seven million emigrants; disputed elections in 2018 and 2024.	Politics	Source

Also in South America

Colombia100 BCE – 2016
Argentina1000 BCE – 2015