History timeline

South America

90 periods and events, 3500 BCE – 2016.

Within South America

Colombia100 BCE – 2016
Argentina1000 BCE – 2015
Venezuela1000 BCE – 2013

Periods and events

When	Period or event	Kind	Source
3500–1800 BCE	Caral and the Norte Chico civilization卡拉尔与小北史前文明· Peru The oldest known civilization in the Americas, on the central coast.	Other	Source
900 BCE – 1000	Pre-Inca cultures (Chavín, Moche, Nazca, Wari)前印加文化（查文、莫切、纳斯卡、瓦里）· Peru A long succession of Andean cultures known for art, metallurgy and monumental works.	Other	Source
500 – 1540	Mapuche and pre-Columbian peoples马普切人与前哥伦布时期民族· Chile Indigenous peoples, above all the Mapuche, inhabit the land before European contact.	Other	Source
1438 – 1533	Inca Empire印加帝国· Peru The largest empire in pre-Columbian America, ruled from Cusco.	Dynasty or era	Source
1500	Portuguese arrival葡萄牙人抵达· Brazil Pedro Álvares Cabral lands on the coast, claiming the territory for Portugal.	Colonial	Source
1530 – 1808	Colonial Brazil (sugar and gold)殖民地巴西（蔗糖与黄金）· Brazil Three centuries built on sugar plantations, gold mining and enslaved African labor.	Economy	Source
1532 – 1533	Spanish conquest (Pizarro)西班牙征服（皮萨罗）· Peru Francisco Pizarro captures the Inca emperor Atahualpa and topples the empire.	War	Source
1536 – 1656	Arauco War (Mapuche resistance)阿劳科战争（马普切人的抵抗）· Chile Prolonged Mapuche resistance keeps the south beyond Spanish control for centuries.	War	Source
1540 – 1541	Spanish conquest and Santiago founded西班牙征服与圣地亚哥建城· Chile Pedro de Valdivia founds Santiago in 1541 and begins Spanish rule.	Colonial	Source
1542 – 1824	Viceroyalty of Peru秘鲁总督辖区· Peru Spain's richest South American viceroyalty, built on Andean silver from Potosí.	Colonial	Source
1808 – 1821	Portuguese court moves to Rio葡萄牙宫廷迁至里约· Brazil Fleeing Napoleon, the Portuguese crown relocates to Rio de Janeiro, transforming the colony.	Politics	Source
1810 – 1818	Independence独立· Chile Chile wins independence from Spain, secured after the Battle of Maipú in 1818.	War	Source
1821 – 1824	Independence独立· Peru Independence declared in 1821 and secured at the Battle of Ayacucho in 1824.	War	Source
1822	Independence — Empire of Brazil独立——巴西帝国· Brazil Pedro I declares independence, founding a monarchy that lasts until 1889.	Politics	Source
1879 – 1884	War of the Pacific太平洋战争· Chile Chile defeats Peru and Bolivia, gaining nitrate-rich northern territory.	War	Source
1879 – 1884	War of the Pacific太平洋战争· Peru Defeat by Chile costs Peru its southern nitrate provinces.	War	Source
1888	Abolition of slavery (Lei Áurea)废除奴隶制（黄金法）· Brazil Brazil, the last country in the Americas to abolish slavery, frees the enslaved.	Movement	Source
1889	Proclamation of the Republic巴西共和国的建立· Brazil A military coup ends the monarchy and establishes the Republic of Brazil.	Politics	Source
1930 – 1945	Vargas era瓦加斯时代· Brazil Getúlio Vargas dominates politics, including the authoritarian Estado Novo, and drives industrialization.	Politics	Source
1942	Isabel Allende伊莎贝尔·阿连德· Chile A leading voice of Latin American magical realism, weaving sweeping family sagas that fuse the political and the personal; among the most widely read Spanish-language authors. Example: The House of the Spirits (1982).	Literature	Source
1964 – 1985	Military dictatorship军事独裁· Brazil Two decades of military rule following the 1964 coup.	Politics	Source
1973 – 1990	Pinochet military dictatorship皮诺切特军事独裁· Chile Augusto Pinochet rules after the coup, marked by repression and free-market reforms.	Politics	Source
1980 – 2000	Shining Path insurgency光辉道路叛乱· Peru A Maoist insurgency and the state's response cause tens of thousands of deaths.	War	Source
1985	Return to democracy恢复民主· Brazil Civilian rule is restored, followed by a new constitution in 1988.	Politics	Source
1990	Return to democracy恢复民主· Chile A 1988 plebiscite ends Pinochet's rule; civilian government resumes in 1990.	Politics	Source

Also in Americas

North America14000 BCE – 2021
Central America200 – today