History timeline

Europe

569 periods and events, 7000 BCE – today.

Within Europe

UK3001 BCE – 1945
Netherlands101 BCE – 1795
France501 BCE – 1815
Germany501 BCE – 1990
Russia701 BCE – today
Ukraine1199 – today
Italy753 BCE – 1957
Greece3001 BCE – today
Portugal218 BCE – 1986
Spain1101 BCE – 1986
Ireland432 – today
Belgium57 BCE – 1993
Luxembourg963 – 1974
Austria1200 BCE – 1955
Denmark793 – 1992
Norway872 – 1990
Iceland874 – 1986
Poland960 – 1989
Czechia833 – 1993
Slovakia623 – 1993
Hungary895 – 1989
Estonia1208 – 1996
Latvia1201 – 1991
Lithuania1236 – 1991
Belarus987 – today
Moldova1346 – 1994
Romania82 BCE – 1989
Bulgaria480 BCE – 1990
Croatia305 – 1995
Bosnia and Herzegovina1154 – 1996
Serbia1166 – 2001
Montenegro1040 – 2003
North Macedonia886 – 2019
Albania400 BCE – 1997
Kosovo1346 – 2008
Malta3600 BCE – 1989
Cyprus7000 BCE – 1983

Periods and events

When	Period or event	Kind	Source
658 – 828	Carantania卡兰塔尼亚· Slovenia A Slavic principality in the Eastern Alps, ancestor of the Slovenes.	Dynasty or era	Source
1335 – 1918	Habsburg rule哈布斯堡统治· Slovenia Slovene lands are divided among Habsburg duchies like Carniola.	Colonial	Source
1517 – 1648	The Reformation (Catholic Church vs Protestants)宗教改革（天主教会 vs 新教）	Religion
1550	First Slovene book第一本斯洛文尼亚语书籍· Slovenia Protestant reformer Primož Trubar prints the first books in Slovene.	Literature	Source
1618 – 1648	Thirty Years' War三十年战争	War	Source
1637 – 1789	The Enlightenment (Age of Reason)启蒙运动（理性时代）	Movement
1648	Peace of Westphalia威斯特伐利亚和约	Politics
1750 – 1853	Western powers move into Asia西方列强进入亚洲	Colonial
1809 – 1814	Illyrian Provinces伊利里亚行省· Slovenia Napoleon rules Slovene and Croatian lands from Ljubljana, promoting local languages.	Colonial	Source
1915 – 1917	Isonzo Front伊松佐河战线· Slovenia Twelve battles between Italy and Austria-Hungary in the Soča valley.	War	Source
1941 – 1945	Occupation and Partisan resistance占领与游击队抵抗· Slovenia Slovenia is split between Germany, Italy and Hungary; Partisans fight back.	War	Source
1945 – 1991	Socialist Republic of Slovenia斯洛文尼亚社会主义共和国· Slovenia Yugoslavia's most prosperous republic.	Politics	Source
1950	Schuman Declaration舒曼宣言 Robert Schuman proposes pooling French and German coal and steel, the founding idea of European integration.	Politics	Source
1951 – 1952	European Coal and Steel Community欧洲煤钢共同体 The Treaty of Paris creates the ECSC among six states, the first supranational European body.	Economy	Source
1957	Treaty of Rome (EEC)罗马条约（欧洲经济共同体） The six found the European Economic Community, building a common market.	Economy	Source
1973	First enlargement首次扩大（英国、爱尔兰、丹麦加入） The United Kingdom, Ireland and Denmark join the Communities.	Politics	Source
1979	First direct European Parliament elections首次欧洲议会直接选举 Citizens directly elect the European Parliament for the first time.	Politics	Source
1985	Schengen Agreement申根协定 States agree to abolish internal border checks, later creating the passport-free Schengen Area.	Politics	Source
1986	Single European Act单一欧洲法案 First major treaty revision, setting the goal of a single internal market by 1992.	Economy	Source
1988 – 1990	Slovenian Spring斯洛文尼亚之春· Slovenia Protests and free elections set Slovenia on the path to independence.	Movement	Source
1989	World Wide Web万维网· Switzerland Tim Berners-Lee proposes the Web at CERN; it opens to the public in 1991.	Technology	Source
1991	Ten-Day War十日战争· Slovenia After declaring independence, Slovenia repels the Yugoslav army in ten days.	War	Source
1992	Maastricht Treaty (EU founded)马斯特里赫特条约（欧盟成立） The Treaty on European Union creates the European Union and sets the path to a single currency.	Politics	Source
1999	Euro introduced欧元诞生 The euro launches as an accounting currency in 1999; notes and coins follow in 2002.	Economy	Source
2004	Eastern enlargement东扩（十国加入） Ten states, mostly from Central and Eastern Europe, join in the largest single enlargement.	Politics	Source
2007 – 2009	Treaty of Lisbon里斯本条约 Reforms the EU's institutions, creating a permanent Council presidency and a foreign-policy chief.	Politics	Source
2009 – 2015	Eurozone debt crisis欧元区债务危机 Sovereign debt crises in Greece and other members test the single currency and prompt bailouts.	Economy	Source
2012	Nobel Peace Prize诺贝尔和平奖 The EU is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for advancing peace and reconciliation in Europe.	Other	Source
2016 – 2020	Brexit英国脱欧 After a 2016 referendum, the United Kingdom becomes the first state to leave the EU, in 2020.	Politics	Source

Side by side

China vs Europe: Comparative History Timeline5001 BCE – today