History timeline

Germany

26 periods and events, 501 BCE – 1990.

Periods and events

When	Period or event	Kind	Source
501 BCE	Germanic peoples emerge日耳曼民族的形成 Approximate; Germanic peoples take shape in southern Scandinavia and the north German plain during the pre-Roman Iron Age. Date is a rough placeholder.	Movement	Source
9	Battle of the Teutoburg Forest条顿堡森林战役 Arminius destroys three Roman legions, halting Roman expansion east of the Rhine.	War	Source
375 – 568	Migration Period民族大迁徙 Germanic and other peoples move across a collapsing Roman Empire, reshaping Europe.	Movement	Source
843	Treaty of Verdun (East Francia)凡尔登条约（东法兰克王国） Partition of the Carolingian Empire; East Francia is a precursor of the German state.	Politics	Source
962 – 1806	Holy Roman Empire神圣罗马帝国 Otto I is crowned emperor in 962; the empire endures until Napoleon dissolves it in 1806.	Dynasty or era	Source
1356 – 1669	Hanseatic League汉萨同盟 Confederation of northern German merchant towns dominating Baltic and North Sea trade.	Economy	Source
1440	Gutenberg's printing press古腾堡印刷机 Movable-type printing in Mainz; drove mass literacy and the spread of ideas.	Technology	Source
1517	Luther's 95 Theses (Reformation)路德《九十五条论纲》（宗教改革） Martin Luther's theses spark the Protestant Reformation across Europe.	Religion	Source
1618 – 1648	Thirty Years' War三十年战争 Devastating religious and political war fought largely on German soil.	War	Source
1648	Peace of Westphalia威斯特伐利亚和约 Ends the Thirty Years' War and shapes the modern system of sovereign states.	Politics	Source
1701 – 1918	Kingdom of Prussia普鲁士王国 Rising power that would lead German unification; lasts until 1918.	Dynasty or era	Source
1806	Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire神圣罗马帝国解体 Francis II abdicates the imperial title amid the Napoleonic Wars.	Politics	Source
1815 – 1866	German Confederation德意志邦联 Loose association of German states formed at the Congress of Vienna.	Politics	Source
1848	The Communist Manifesto published (birth of communism)《共产党宣言》发表（共产主义之始）	Movement
1870 – 1871	Franco-Prussian War普法战争 Prussian-led victory over France directly precedes German unification.	War	Source
1871 – 1918	German Empire proclaimed德意志帝国成立 Unification of Germany under Prussia; Wilhelm I proclaimed emperor at Versailles.	Politics	Source
1886	The automobile汽车 Karl Benz patents the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, the first practical motor car.	Technology	Source
1914 – 1918	Germany in World War I德国与第一次世界大战 Germany fights as a Central Power; defeat leads to the empire's collapse in 1918.	War	Source
1919 – 1933	Weimar Republic魏玛共和国 Germany's first democracy, ending when the Nazis seize power in 1933.	Politics	Source
1919	Treaty of Versailles凡尔赛条约 Post-war settlement imposing reparations and territorial losses on Germany.	Politics	Source
1920 – 1945	Hitler and the Nazi era希特勒与纳粹时期	Politics
1939 – 1945	Germany in World War II德国与第二次世界大战 Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland starts the war in Europe; ends with total defeat in 1945.	War	Source
1949 – 1990	Division into East and West Germany德国分裂（东德与西德） The Federal Republic (West) and German Democratic Republic (East) are founded in 1949.	Politics	Source
1961	Berlin Wall built柏林墙修建 East Germany seals off West Berlin, a lasting symbol of the Cold War.	Politics	Source
1989	Fall of the Berlin Wall柏林墙倒塌 The wall opens, hastening the collapse of the Eastern Bloc.	Politics	Source
1990	German reunification两德统一 East and West Germany reunite into a single sovereign state.	Politics	Source

Side by side

China vs Europe: Comparative History Timeline5001 BCE – today

Also in Europe

UK3001 BCE – 1945
Netherlands101 BCE – 1795
France501 BCE – 1815
Russia701 BCE – today
Ukraine1199 – today
Italy753 BCE – 1957
Greece3001 BCE – today
Portugal218 BCE – 1986
Spain1101 BCE – 1986
Ireland432 – today
Belgium57 BCE – 1993
Luxembourg963 – 1974
Austria1200 BCE – 1955
Denmark793 – 1992
Norway872 – 1990
Iceland874 – 1986
Poland960 – 1989
Czechia833 – 1993
Slovakia623 – 1993
Hungary895 – 1989
Estonia1208 – 1996
Latvia1201 – 1991
Lithuania1236 – 1991
Belarus987 – today
Moldova1346 – 1994
Romania82 BCE – 1989
Bulgaria480 BCE – 1990
Croatia305 – 1995
Bosnia and Herzegovina1154 – 1996
Serbia1166 – 2001
Montenegro1040 – 2003
North Macedonia886 – 2019
Albania400 BCE – 1997
Kosovo1346 – 2008
Malta3600 BCE – 1989
Cyprus7000 BCE – 1983